systems

An undergraduate student from the University of Surrey has discovered a way to suppress hot-carrier effects that have plagued devices that use thin-film transistor architecture -- such as smartwatches and solar panels. Hot-carrier effects occur when unwanted electron energy builds up in certain regions of transistors, resulting in devices performing unreliably. In her … [Read more...] about Discovery could improve reliability of future smart electronics

Researchers have developed a lightweight optical system for 3D inspection of surfaces with micron-scale precision. The new measurement tool could greatly enhance quality control inspection for high-tech products including semiconductor chips, solar panels and consumer electronics such as flat panel televisions. Because vibrations make it difficult to capture precision 3D … [Read more...] about Compact system designed for high-precision, robot-based surface measurements: System poised to enable real-time, in-line 3D inspection and boost efficiency of high-tech manufacturing

The COVID-19 pandemic may be the deadliest viral outbreak the world has seen in more than a century. But statistically, such extreme events aren't as rare as we may think, asserts a new analysis of novel disease outbreaks over the past 400 years. The study, appearing the week of Aug. 23 in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, used a newly assembled record of … [Read more...] about Statistics say large pandemics are more likely than we thought: Most people are likely to experience an extreme pandemic like COVID-19 in their lifetime

Mathematicians at the Center for Advanced Mathematics for Energy Research Applications (CAMERA) at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab) have developed a mathematical algorithm to decipher the rotational dynamics of twisting particles in large complex systems from the X-ray scattering patterns observed in highly sophisticated X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy … [Read more...] about Mathematicians build an algorithm to ‘do the twist’: New approach extracts rotational diffusion from X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy experiments

Scientists studying two different configurations of bilayer graphene -- the two-dimensional (2-D), atom-thin form of carbon -- have detected electronic and optical interlayer resonances. In these resonant states, electrons bounce back and forth between the two atomic planes in the 2-D interface at the same frequency. By characterizing these states, they found that twisting one … [Read more...] about Layered graphene with a twist displays unique quantum confinement in 2-D

The miniaturization of microelectronic sensor technology, microelectronic robots or intravascular implants is progressing rapidly. However, it also poses major challenges for research. One of the biggest is the development of tiny but efficient energy storage devices that enable the operation of autonomously working microsystems -- in more and more smaller areas of the human … [Read more...] about Smallest biosupercapacitor provides energy for biomedical applications

Researchers have developed a mathematical model that can predict the optimum exercise regime for building muscle. The researchers, from the University of Cambridge, used methods of theoretical biophysics to construct the model, which can tell how much a specific amount of exertion will cause a muscle to grow and how long it will take. The model could form the basis of a … [Read more...] about Mathematical model predicts best way to build muscle

Scientists from SANKEN at Osaka University demonstrated the readout of spin-polarized multielectron states composed of three or four electrons on a semiconductor quantum dot. By making use of the spin filtering caused by the quantum Hall effect, the researchers were able to improve upon previous methods that could only easily resolve two electrons. This work may lead to quantum … [Read more...] about Accessing high-spins in an artificial atom

Artificial intelligence (AI) will fundamentally change medicine and healthcare: Diagnostic patient data, e.g. from ECG, EEG or X-ray images, can be analyzed with the help of machine learning, so that diseases can be detected at a very early stage based on subtle changes. However, implanting AI within the human body is still a major technical challenge. TU Dresden scientists at … [Read more...] about Using artificial intelligence for early detection and treatment of illnesses